unac(3) unac(3)
local
NAME
unac - remove accents from string or character
SYNOPSIS
#include <unac.h>
const char* unac_version();
int unac_string(const char* charset,
const char* in, int in_length,
char** out, int* out_length);
unsigned short c = UTF16_A_GRAVE;
unsigned short* unaccented;
int length;
unac_char_utf16(c, unaccented, length);
int unac_string_utf16(const char* in, int in_length,
char** out, int* out_length);
DESCRIPTION
unac is a C library that remove accents from a string or character.
unac_string converts the input string from the specified charset to
UTF-16 and call unac_string_utf16 to return the unaccented equivalent.
The conversion from and to UTF-16 is done with iconv(3).
unac_char_utf16 is a macro that efficiently returns a pointer to the
unaccented equivalent of any UTF-16 character. An UTF-16 character
such as fi will be expanded in two characters f and i.
unac_string_utf16 repeatidly applies the unac_char_utf16 function on
each character of an UTF-16 string.
The endianess of the UTF-16 strings manipulated by unac must always be
big endian. When using iconv(3) to translate strings, one should use
UTF-16BE instead of UTF-16 to ensure that it is big endian (BE). For
more information check RFC2781
(http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2781.html).
The unac library uses the Unicode database to map accented letters to
their unaccented equivalent. Mapping tables are generated from the
UnicodeData-3.0.1.txt file by the builder perl script. Those tables
are inserted in the unac.h and unac.c files, replacing the existing
ones. Instead of one simple table mapping each Unicode character value
to the sequence of unaccented characters, three tables are used in
order to reduce the space used. The library occupies less than
25Kbytes where a unique table would occupy around 512Kbytes. The idea
used to compress the tables is that many Unicode characters do not
have unaccented equivalent. The Unicode charset is divided in 32
entries blocks and each block is stored sperately. An index is used to
- 1 - Formatted: November 14, 2024
unac(3) unac(3)
local
map a given block number to a block variable containing data for the
unaccentuation mapping. As many blocks only contain zero, they all
point to the same variable therefore reducing the space used. Beside
this simple optimization, a table listing the actual position of the
unaccented replacement within a block is necessary because they are
not of fixed length. Some characters such as the ligature fi will be
replaced by two characters f and i. The unaccented equivalent of an
UTF-16 character is calculated by applying a compatibility
decomposition and then stripping all characters that belong to the
mark category. For a precise definition see the Unicode-3.0
normalization forms at http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/.
FUNCTIONS
const char* unac_version()
Return the version number of unac.
int unac_string(const char* charset, const char*
Return the unaccented equivalent of the string in of length
in_length. The returned string is stored in the pointer pointed
by the out argument and the length of the string is stored in the
integer pointed by the out_length argument. If the *out pointer
is not null, it must point to an area allocated by malloc(3) and
the length of the array must be specified in the *out_length
argument. Both arguments *out and *out_length will be replaced by
return values before the function returns. The *out may be
reallocated by the function and the caller must not assume that
the value remains the same. If the *out pointer is null, the
unac_string function allocates a new area using malloc(3). It is
the responsibility of the caller to deallocate the area returned
in the *out pointer.
The return value is 0 on success and -1 on error, in which case
the errno variable is set to the corresponding error code. See
iconv(3) for the meaning of the error codes.
out_length)
int unac_string_utf16(const char* in, int in_length, char** out, int*
Alias of unac_string("UTF-16", in, in_length, out, out_length).
Since the unac_string_utf16 is the backend function of
unac_string it is more efficient because no conversion of the
input string is necessary.
short l)
void unac_char_utf16(const unsigned short c, unsigned short* p, unsigned
- 2 - Formatted: November 14, 2024
unac(3) unac(3)
local
Warning: this is a macro, each Return the unaccented equivalent
of the UTF-16 character c in the pointer p. The length of the
unsigned short array pointed by p is returned in the l argument.
ERRORS
EINVAL
the requested conversion pair is not available.
EXAMPLES
Convert string into ete.
char* out = 0;
int out_length = 0;
unac_string("ISO-8859-1", "t", 3, &out, &out_length);
BUGS
The input string must not contain partially formed characters, there
is no support for this case.
UTF-16 surrogates are not handled.
SEE ALSO
unaccent(1), iconv(3)
http://www.unicode.org/
http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/ustring/
http://www.alphaworks.ibm.com/tech/icu/
http://www.gnu.org/manual/glibc-2.0.6/libc.html
AUTHOR
Loic Dachary loic@senga.org
http://www.senga.org/unac/
- 3 - Formatted: November 14, 2024
